Key Takeaways

• Purpose of OB: Organization Blocks (OBs) are crucial for structuring and managing the execution of tasks in Siemens PLC systems.
• Types of OBs:
  • Cyclic Interrupt OBs: Execute tasks at regular intervals, crucial for repetitive operations.
  • Hardware Interrupt OBs: Triggered by hardware events, essential for responsive operations.
  • Time of Day Interrupt OBs: Execute tasks based on the clock time, suitable for scheduled operations.
  • Start-up Interrupt OB: Executes once when the PLC starts, useful for initialization tasks.
• Configuring OBs: OBs can be configured in the TIA Portal, with detailed steps provided for various types of OBs.
• Practical Applications: Examples of real-world applications and configurations of OBs in industrial settings.

ControlNexus, established in 2013, is a leading provider of Siemens PLCs, HMIs, and Inverters. This guide aims to elucidate the function and setup of Organization Blocks (OB) within Siemens PLC systems, which are integral to automating and optimizing industrial processes.

1. Introduction

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) from Siemens are the backbone of modern industrial automation. The key to leveraging the full power of a PLC lies in understanding its structural components, particularly the Organization Blocks (OBs). These blocks are pivotal in managing how tasks are executed within the PLC, making them essential for both basic and complex automation tasks.

2. What are Organization Blocks (OBs)?

At the core of Siemens PLC’s operation, OBs serve as the managers of task execution. An OB is triggered by specific events or conditions in the PLC, dictating the sequence and priority of operations. This structured approach ensures that processes run smoothly and efficiently, adhering to the programmed logic and timing requirements.

3. Types of OBs and Their Applications

Cyclic Interrupt OBs

These OBs, such as OB1, OB35, and others in the range from OB30 to OB38, handle tasks that need to run at fixed intervals, e.g., checking sensor data every 100 milliseconds. These are particularly useful in continuous monitoring applications.

• Example: In a manufacturing line, OB35 might be programmed to check the status of a conveyor belt sensor to prevent jams.

Hardware Interrupt OBs

OBs like OB40 are activated by hardware signals, such as a sudden stop in a motor or a safety gate opening. They allow for immediate response to physical events, which is crucial for safety and precision in high-stakes environments.

• Example: If a safety barrier is breached, OB40 can halt all related machinery to prevent accidents.

Time of Day Interrupt OBs

These OBs (OB10 to OB17) are scheduled based on the time of day, useful for operations that must occur at specific times, such as batch processing or maintenance routines.

• Example: OB10 could be used to initiate a backup of system data every night at 2:00 AM.

Start-up Interrupt OB

The start-up OB (OB100) is critical for initializing the system correctly after a shutdown or restart. It ensures that all systems are set to their default safe states and that initial conditions are met before regular operations commence.

• Example: OB100 might be set to test all critical sensors and load default parameters when the PLC powers up.

4. Step-by-Step Guide to Configuring OBs in TIA Portal

Configuring OBs involves several steps in the TIA Portal, Siemens’ integrated engineering tool. Here’s a brief overview of how to add and configure an OB:

1. Create a New Project: Start by selecting the appropriate PLC model and creating a new project.
2. Add New Block: Navigate to the program blocks section, select “Add new block,” and choose the type of OB you need to configure.
3. Program the OB: Enter the logic or conditions under which the OB should operate, using the graphical or textual programming interfaces provided by TIA Portal.

5. Advanced Tips and Best Practices

Mastering the configuration and use of OBs in Siemens PLCs involves more than just understanding their basic setup. Experienced programmers often have their own set of best practices and tips that enhance both the functionality and reliability of PLC operations.

Optimizing OB Usage

• Prioritize Critical Tasks: Ensure that OBs handling critical tasks have priority and are optimized for quick execution to minimize downtime and improve response times.
• Efficient Use of Cyclic Interrupts: For cyclic interrupt OBs, balance the frequency of execution with the processor load to avoid overwhelming the PLC, ensuring smooth operation of all tasks.

Redundancy and Safety

• Implement Redundancy: Where possible, program redundant OBs for critical operations to ensure that backup systems take over seamlessly in case of a failure.
• Safety First: Always include safety checks and conditions in OB programming to prevent accidents and ensure that the system adheres to safety regulations.

6. Common Questions and Expert Answers

In this section, we address some frequently asked questions about OBs in Siemens PLCs, providing expert insights and practical troubleshooting tips.

Q1: What happens if an OB fails during execution?

A: If an OB fails, the PLC system typically attempts to execute a predefined error OB, like OB82 or OB86, which handles errors and alerts the operator. Regular maintenance and thorough testing can prevent many common OB failures.

Q2: Can I customize the execution cycle of OB1?

A: Yes, OB1’s execution cycle can be customized within the limits set by the hardware and software capabilities of Siemens PLC. Adjustments should be made considering the overall impact on the system’s performance.

Q3: How do I ensure my OB setup is optimized for performance?

A: Regularly monitor the performance metrics provided by the TIA Portal, adjust the OB configuration based on the system’s operational data, and consult Siemens’ best practice guides for optimization tips.

7. Additional Resources

For those looking to deepen their understanding of Siemens PLCs and OBs, the following resources are invaluable:

• Siemens Official Documentation: Comprehensive manuals and product documentation available at Siemens Support.
• Online Tutorials and Webcasts: These can be found on Siemens’ official YouTube channel and other educational platforms that offer step-by-step guides and video tutorials.

8. Conclusion

Organization Blocks are at the heart of Siemens PLC programming, providing the necessary structure to ensure efficient and reliable automation. By understanding and utilizing the various types of OBs effectively, engineers and technicians can significantly enhance the operational capabilities of their systems.